Required Minimum Distribution (RMD) Calculator:
2025 SECURE 2.0 Age 73, Uniform Lifetime Table, and QCD Strategy
At age 73 with a $750,000 IRA balance, your 2025 Required Minimum Distribution is $28,302 — calculated by dividing the December 31 prior-year account balance ($750,000) by the Uniform Lifetime Table distribution period for age 73 (26.5). The SECURE 2.0 Act raised the RMD starting age to 73 for those born 1951-1959 and to 75 for those born 1960 or later. Missing an RMD triggers a 25% excise tax on the shortfall (reduced from 50% by SECURE 2.0). The Qualified Charitable Distribution (QCD) allows IRA owners age 70.5 or older to satisfy the RMD by donating directly to charity — excluding the distribution from taxable income entirely, saving $6,226 in federal income tax at 22% on a $28,302 RMD.
Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs) are the IRS-mandated annual withdrawals from traditional IRA, 401(k), 403(b), SEP-IRA, and SIMPLE IRA accounts — the government’s mechanism for ensuring that tax-deferred retirement savings are eventually withdrawn and taxed. RMDs are calculated annually by dividing the December 31 account balance from the prior year by a life expectancy factor from the IRS Uniform Lifetime Table, producing a minimum dollar amount that must be distributed and reported as ordinary income. The SECURE 2.0 Act (signed December 2022) made the most significant RMD changes in years: pushing the starting age from 72 to 73 for those born 1951-1959 and to 75 for those born 1960 or later, and reducing the penalty for missed RMDs from 50% to 25% (with a correction window reducing it to 10% if corrected within two years).
The RMD is not merely an administrative requirement — it is a central element of retirement income planning that interacts with Social Security taxation, Medicare IRMAA premium surcharges, Roth conversion strategy, and charitable giving decisions. A retiree with $1,500,000 in traditional IRAs at age 73 faces a $56,604 RMD ($1,500,000/26.5) that, combined with Social Security benefits, can push significant income into the 22% or 24% bracket and trigger IRMAA surcharges that increase Medicare Part B and Part D premiums by $74-$443 per month per person. Understanding the RMD calculation, the aggregation rules, the QCD charitable alternative, and the Roth IRA’s complete exemption from lifetime RMDs is essential for anyone approaching or navigating the RMD phase of retirement.
Three RMD Formulas: Annual RMD, QCD Tax Savings, and Multiple Account Aggregation
1. ANNUAL RMD CALCULATION
2. QCD TAX SAVINGS (vs TAKING RMD AND DONATING CASH)
QCD excludes distribution from AGI entirely; donating cash does NOT reduce AGI (only Schedule A itemized deduction)
3. AGGREGATION: TOTAL RMD ACROSS MULTIPLE ACCOUNTS
Traditional IRAs: can aggregate and take total from any IRA. 401(k): must take from each separately.
The aggregation formula’s distinction between traditional IRAs (aggregable) and 401(k) plans (each separate) creates important planning flexibility. A retiree with three traditional IRAs can calculate each IRA’s individual RMD, sum them, and take the total withdrawal from whichever IRA is most advantageous — perhaps the one holding bonds (to avoid selling stocks at a poor time) or the one held at the custodian with the most convenient distribution process. The same retiree with two 401(k) accounts from prior employers must take a separate RMD from each 401(k) — there is no aggregation permitted across 401(k) plans. This difference is a practical reason many retirees consolidate old 401(k) accounts into a single rollover IRA before RMD age: a single account is simpler to manage, allows investment choice flexibility, and eliminates the multiple-distribution tracking burden.
Four RMD Scenarios: Standard Calculation, Growing RMDs, QCD Savings, and Penalty Risk
The growing RMD card’s most revealing numbers are the RMD percentages: 3.77% of the account at age 73, growing to 4.95% at age 80, and 8.20% at age 90. This means an account that doesn’t outgrow its RMD withdrawals will be steadily depleted at an accelerating rate. An account earning 5% annually with RMD withdrawals starting at 3.77% (below the 5% growth rate) initially grows. But by age 80 when the RMD rate (4.95%) approaches the growth rate, the account begins declining. By 85-90 when RMD rates exceed typical investment returns, the account can deplete quickly. This accelerating withdrawal schedule is by design — the Uniform Lifetime Table is calibrated so the account is substantially depleted by the projected end of life expectancy, ensuring the tax-deferred funds are eventually fully taxed.
Calculate Your Required Minimum Distribution: Balance, Age, and Tax Impact
Enter your December 31 IRA balance, current age, and marginal tax rate to calculate your annual RMD using the Uniform Lifetime Table distribution period, income tax owed on the RMD, comparison of taking the RMD vs using a QCD, and RMD projections for ages 73-90 showing the growing mandatory withdrawal rate.
Open the RMD CalculatorComplete RMD Calculation: Age 73, Multiple Accounts, Tax Impact
The data block’s QCD comparison ($1,661 with QCD vs $7,887 without) illustrates the extraordinary tax efficiency of routing the IRA RMD through a Qualified Charitable Distribution. The retiree who would otherwise donate $28,302 to charity from taxable savings — and claim a Schedule A itemized deduction — saves far less than the QCD approach. Here’s why: if already taking the standard deduction, a cash donation generates zero federal tax benefit. If itemizing, a $28,302 charitable deduction saves $28,302 x 22% = $6,226. But the QCD approach both satisfies the RMD AND excludes $28,302 from AGI, saving $6,226 in income tax on the same charitable intent. The QCD is therefore the only charitable giving strategy that reduces the IRA owner’s taxable income without requiring the IRA owner to itemize deductions or sacrifice any tax benefit compared to a cash donation strategy.
IRS Uniform Lifetime Table (Table III): Distribution Periods Age 73-90
| Age | Distribution Period (Table III) | RMD % of Account | RMD on $750,000 Balance | RMD on $1,500,000 Balance | Income Tax (22%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 73 | 26.5 | 3.77% | $28,302 | $56,604 | $6,226 / $12,453 |
| 74 | 25.5 | 3.92% | $29,412 | $58,824 | $6,471 / $12,941 |
| 75 | 24.6 | 4.07% | $30,488 | $60,976 | $6,707 / $13,415 |
| 76 | 23.7 | 4.22% | $31,646 | $63,291 | $6,962 / $13,924 |
| 77 | 22.9 | 4.37% | $32,751 | $65,502 | $7,205 / $14,410 |
| 78 | 22.0 | 4.55% | $34,091 | $68,182 | $7,500 / $15,000 |
| 79 | 21.1 | 4.74% | $35,545 | $71,091 | $7,820 / $15,640 |
| 80 | 20.2 | 4.95% | $37,129 | $74,257 | $8,168 / $16,337 |
| 82 | 18.5 | 5.41% | $40,541 | $81,081 | $8,919 / $17,838 |
| 85 | 16.0 | 6.25% | $46,875 | $93,750 | $10,313 / $20,625 |
| 88 | 13.7 | 7.30% | $54,745 | $109,489 | $12,044 / $24,088 |
| 90 | 12.2 | 8.20% | $61,475 | $122,951 | $13,524 / $27,049 |
| 95 | 8.9 | 11.24% | $84,270 | $168,539 | $18,539 / $37,079 |
| The Uniform Lifetime Table (IRS Table III, effective 2022) is used for all account owners whose sole beneficiary is NOT a spouse more than 10 years younger. If sole beneficiary IS a spouse more than 10 years younger, use the Joint Life and Last Survivor Table (Table II) for a longer distribution period and smaller annual RMD. The RMD is calculated as December 31 balance of the prior year divided by the distribution period for the account owner’s age in the current year. The RMD percentage column shows how RMD as a percentage of account balance increases with age — from 3.77% at 73 to 8.20% at 90 to 11.24% at 95, well above typical investment return rates for older retirees. Updated IRS tables effective 2022 use updated mortality tables reflecting longer life expectancies, resulting in slightly longer distribution periods (smaller RMDs) compared to the prior tables that were used from 1987 to 2021. | |||||
The Uniform Lifetime Table’s progression from a 26.5 distribution period at age 73 (3.77% withdrawal rate) to an 8.9 distribution period at age 95 (11.24% withdrawal rate) creates a steadily accelerating mandatory distribution schedule. An account earning 6% annually and starting at $750,000 at age 73 grows initially (when the 3.77% RMD rate is below the 6% return), then stabilizes as the RMD rate approaches the return rate around age 78-80, then begins declining as the RMD rate exceeds the investment return. By age 90, the 8.20% required withdrawal rate substantially exceeds most conservative investment return assumptions, meaning the account will decline each year regardless of investment performance. Retirees who want to preserve principal or leave an inheritance should consider Roth conversions before RMD age to shift assets to a vehicle with no lifetime RMD obligation.
Which Retirement Accounts Have RMDs in 2025?
| Account Type | RMD Required? | Starting Age | Aggregation? | Key Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional IRA | Yes | 73 / 75 (SECURE 2.0) | Yes — aggregate across all traditional IRAs | Most common RMD account; December 31 prior-year balance used for calculation |
| Rollover IRA | Yes (same as traditional) | 73 / 75 | Yes — included in traditional IRA aggregation | Old 401(k) rolled to IRA becomes part of traditional IRA pool; aggregated for RMD purposes |
| SEP-IRA | Yes | 73 / 75 | Yes — aggregated with other traditional IRAs | SEP-IRA contributions are pre-tax; same RMD rules as traditional IRA |
| SIMPLE IRA (after 2-yr) | Yes | 73 / 75 | Yes — aggregated | After the initial 2-year SIMPLE IRA participation period, treated like traditional IRA for RMD |
| 401(k) (non-Roth) | Yes | 73 / 75 (or retirement if later) | No — each 401(k) separately | Still-working exception: if employed and not a 5%+ owner, can delay until actual retirement. Must take from EACH 401(k) plan separately |
| 403(b) | Yes | 73 / 75 | Yes — can aggregate 403(b)s together | 403(b) accounts can be aggregated with other 403(b) accounts (but NOT with traditional IRA accounts); still-working exception applies |
| 457(b) (government) | Yes | 73 / 75 | No aggregation with other types | Government 457(b) has RMDs; can stay in plan or roll to IRA; non-government 457(b): different rules apply |
| Roth IRA | NO — never during owner’s lifetime | N/A | N/A | Roth IRA has no RMDs for the original owner. After death, inherited Roth IRA is subject to the 10-year rule for non-spouse beneficiaries (but still tax-free distributions) |
| Roth 401(k) | YES prior to 2024; NO starting 2024 | N/A (post-2024) | N/A | SECURE 2.0 eliminated Roth 401(k) RMD requirements starting in 2024. Prior to 2024, Roth 401(k) had RMDs (workaround: roll to Roth IRA before RMD age). In 2024+, Roth 401(k) also exempt |
| Life Insurance / Annuity | Generally no (annuities satisfy through payments) | N/A | N/A | Qualified annuities inside IRAs can satisfy RMDs through regular annuity payments; life insurance death benefits are not retirement accounts |
| Still-working exception for 401(k) and 403(b): if you are still employed by the plan sponsor and are not a 5% or greater owner of the company, you can delay RMDs from that employer’s plan until the April 1 following the year you retire, regardless of age. This exception does NOT apply to traditional IRA accounts — IRAs have no still-working exception. IRAs belonging to the same owner are aggregated for RMD calculation; the total can be taken from any combination of those IRAs. 401(k), 403(b), and other employer plans cannot be aggregated with IRAs — each plan type has its own separate RMD rules. Note: 403(b) plans can aggregate with other 403(b) accounts but not with IRAs; some tax professionals note that IRS guidance on 403(b) aggregation has historical nuances. | ||||
The Roth 401(k) row’s update — RMDs eliminated starting in 2024 under SECURE 2.0 — is one of the most significant but underappreciated changes for accumulation-phase retirement savers. Before 2024, Roth 401(k) account holders had to take RMDs (unlike Roth IRA holders), which forced distributions that diminished the tax-free compounding advantage that makes Roth accounts valuable. The common workaround was to roll Roth 401(k) balances to a Roth IRA before RMD age. SECURE 2.0’s elimination of Roth 401(k) RMDs removes the need for this rollover, making Roth 401(k) participation (which offers higher contribution limits than Roth IRA — up to $23,500/year versus $7,000/year) a more attractive option for workers who want to accumulate tax-free wealth without mandatory withdrawals.
Annual RMD Amount vs Age: $750,000 Account at 7% Growth
The growth bars illustrate the compound effect of the accelerating RMD table: the $28,302 first RMD at age 73 nearly triples to $73,770 by age 90 even if the account grows at 7% annually. This acceleration reflects the shrinking distribution period in the Uniform Lifetime Table — the 26.5 period at 73 drops to 12.2 at 90 — combined with any growth in the account balance itself. Retirees who do not need their RMD for living expenses but must take it anyway face the growing compulsory income recognition problem: RMDs increase each year, pushing more income into higher brackets, potentially increasing Social Security taxation, and triggering IRMAA premium surcharges that make Medicare more expensive. Converting traditional IRA assets to Roth IRA during the decade before RMD age systematically reduces this mandatory income growth problem.
Qualified Charitable Distributions (QCDs): The Most Tax-Efficient RMD Strategy
QCD vs Cash Donation: Why QCDs Are Always Superior for Charitably Inclined IRA Owners
A Qualified Charitable Distribution satisfies the RMD without adding the distribution to taxable income — unlike a cash donation, which first creates taxable RMD income that a charitable deduction on Schedule A then partially offsets. Key QCD advantages: (1) QCD excludes the full distribution from AGI, not just from taxable income. This means QCDs do not increase: Social Security taxation (above 85% if AGI is high), Medicare IRMAA premium surcharges (triggered above $106,000 single / $212,000 MFJ), or the amount of income pushed into higher brackets. A cash donation strategy requires: taking RMD (taxable income), then itemizing the charitable deduction — but the TCJA’s high standard deduction ($15,000 single / $30,000 MFJ) means most retirees cannot itemize, making the cash donation deduction unavailable. (2) QCDs can be used regardless of whether you itemize or take the standard deduction. Requirements: age 70.5 or older. Transfer must go directly from IRA custodian to charity (not through you). Maximum: $105,000 per year per person in 2025 (indexed for inflation; spouse can also do $105,000 from their own IRA). Charity must be a qualified 501(c)(3) organization (NOT a donor-advised fund, supporting organization, or private foundation). The $105,000 QCD annual limit is separate from the $19,000 gift tax annual exclusion. QCDs can be made from traditional IRAs and rollover IRAs — NOT from 401(k) or 403(b) plans directly (must roll to IRA first).
SECURE 2.0 RMD Changes: What Changed and For Whom
SECURE 2.0 Act (signed December 29, 2022) made multiple RMD changes: (1) Starting age increased: Born 1951-1959: age 73 (up from 72 under original SECURE Act 2019, or 70.5 under pre-2020 law). Born 1960 or later: age 75. (2) Roth 401(k) RMD eliminated: Starting 2024, Roth 401(k) accounts no longer require RMDs — aligning with Roth IRA rules. (3) Penalty reduced: 25% (from 50%). Correction window (2 years): reduces to 10%. (4) Surviving spouse options: enhanced — surviving spouse of a deceased account owner can elect to be treated as the deceased spouse for RMD purposes, delaying RMDs until the year the deceased spouse would have turned 73. (5) QCD limit indexed: $105,000 in 2025 (was fixed at $100,000 since 2006; first inflation adjustment applied for 2024+). (6) IRA to SPLIT-interest entity: one-time QCD up to $53,000 (2025) to fund a CRUT, CRAT, or gift annuity. Who is most affected by the age change: people born 1951-1959 who previously expected to start RMDs at 72 under the original SECURE Act now have an extra year at 73. People born 1960+ have a larger delay to age 75. Those who already started taking RMDs at 72 or 70.5 continue under their original schedule — the age increase applies to those not yet having begun RMDs when SECURE 2.0 became effective.
RMD Planning Checklist
Frequently Asked Questions: Required Minimum Distribution Calculator 2025
What age do I have to start taking RMDs?+
Under SECURE 2.0 (2022): Born 1951-1959: RMDs begin at age 73. Born 1960 or later: RMDs begin at age 75. Born 1950 or earlier (already taking RMDs): continue under the schedule already in effect. The first RMD can be delayed to April 1 of the year following the starting age year. However, delaying the first RMD means taking two RMDs in the second year (April 1 + December 31 of same year), which can push more income into a higher bracket and trigger IRMAA. For most people, taking the first RMD in the year you turn 73 (or 75) is preferable. These ages apply to traditional IRA, rollover IRA, SEP-IRA, SIMPLE IRA, and 401(k)/403(b) accounts. Roth IRA has no RMD requirement during the owner’s lifetime. Roth 401(k) RMDs also eliminated starting 2024 under SECURE 2.0.
How is an RMD calculated?+
RMD = December 31 account balance of prior year / Distribution Period from IRS Uniform Lifetime Table (Table III). Example: $750,000 IRA balance on December 31 of the prior year. Age 73. Uniform Lifetime Table factor: 26.5. RMD = $750,000 / 26.5 = $28,302. Must be withdrawn by December 31. Taxed as ordinary income. Key points: (1) Use the prior year’s December 31 balance — the account balance fluctuates but RMD is based on the prior December 31 snapshot. (2) The distribution period comes from the table for your age in the current RMD year (not age at end of prior year). (3) For multiple traditional IRAs: calculate each separately, then total can be taken from any IRA combination. (4) If sole beneficiary is a spouse more than 10 years younger, use the Joint Life Table (Table II) for a smaller RMD. (5) 401(k) RMDs must be calculated and taken separately from each plan — no aggregation with IRAs.
What is the penalty for missing an RMD?+
25% excise tax on the amount that should have been distributed but was not (SECURE 2.0 reduced from 50%). Correction window (2 years): if the missed RMD is corrected within 2 years, the penalty reduces to 10%. Plus ordinary income tax when the corrective distribution is eventually taken. Total cost of missing: 25% penalty + 22% income tax = 47% on the missed amount (or 10% + 22% = 32% if corrected promptly). To fix a missed RMD: take the corrective distribution immediately, file Form 5329 to report the penalty and request a waiver (reasonable cause). The IRS has historically been lenient waiving the penalty for first-time misses with prompt self-correction. If the IRS catches it before you self-correct: much harder to waive. Also: the IRS sends “warning letters” each year based on 1099-R data. Missing an RMD is often detected by the IRS within 1-2 years. Self-correct before you receive a notice.
What is a Qualified Charitable Distribution (QCD) and how does it reduce RMD tax?+
QCD: direct transfer from IRA to qualified charity, satisfying RMD without adding the amount to taxable income. Requirements: age 70.5+. Direct transfer from IRA custodian to charity (cannot receive the money first). Maximum: $105,000 per person per year (2025). Charity must be 501(c)(3) — NOT a donor-advised fund or private foundation. Tax benefits: $0 added to AGI (versus full RMD amount if taken normally). Tax savings at 22%: $28,302 QCD x 22% = $6,226 saved. Also avoids: increased Social Security taxation, IRMAA surcharge triggers, and bracket pushes. vs cash donation: Cash donation strategy: take RMD (taxable), then donate cash (Schedule A deduction only if itemizing). Most retirees take standard deduction and get ZERO federal benefit from cash donations. QCD works even if you take the standard deduction. From IRAs only — not directly from 401(k). Roll 401(k) to IRA first to access QCD benefits.
Does my Roth IRA have required minimum distributions?+
No — Roth IRA owners have no RMD requirement during their lifetime. The Roth IRA is the only retirement account type with no lifetime RMD obligation for the original owner. This is one of Roth IRA’s most valuable attributes for estate planning and late-life financial flexibility: the account can continue growing tax-free indefinitely without any forced distributions. Inherited Roth IRA: non-spouse beneficiaries who inherit a Roth IRA after 2019 are subject to the 10-year rule (must empty within 10 years of original owner’s death), but distributions from an inherited Roth are still tax-free if the account was open for 5+ years when the original owner died. Roth 401(k): starting in 2024, Roth 401(k) accounts also have no RMD requirement (SECURE 2.0 eliminated this). Prior to 2024, Roth 401(k) DID have RMDs — a common workaround was to roll Roth 401(k) to Roth IRA before RMD age. That workaround is no longer needed for distributions after 2024.
Can I take more than the RMD each year?+
Yes — the RMD is a minimum, not a maximum. You can always take more than the RMD from your traditional IRA or 401(k). The additional amount above the RMD is subject to ordinary income tax in the year taken, but there is no penalty for taking excess distributions (unlike below-RMD distributions, which incur the 25% excise penalty on the shortfall). Common reasons to take more than the RMD: Bracket management — taking enough to fill the 22% bracket (or to the top of a lower bracket) while rates are favorable. Roth conversion strategy — taking more than the RMD to convert additional funds to Roth at current rates. Cash needs — living expenses exceeding the RMD amount. Portfolio rebalancing — selling certain investments and distributing the proceeds. Note: excess distributions above the RMD cannot be “rolled over” to count as next year’s RMD. Each year’s RMD is calculated fresh from that year’s December 31 prior-year balance. Taking more this year does not reduce next year’s RMD obligation.
What is the still-working exception for 401(k) RMDs?+
If you are still employed by the company sponsoring a 401(k) plan AND you are not a 5% or greater owner of the company, you can delay RMDs from that employer’s 401(k) until April 1 of the year following the year you actually retire — even if you are past age 73 (or 75). This “still-working exception” applies only to: the 401(k) of the employer you are currently working for. NOT to old 401(k)s from prior employers. NOT to IRAs (no still-working exception for IRAs). Example: 75-year-old still employed, not a 5% owner. Can delay RMD from current employer’s 401(k) indefinitely while still working. Old 401(k) from a prior employer: must take RMDs at the applicable age (73 or 75). Traditional IRA: must take RMDs at 73 or 75, regardless of employment status. The still-working exception is valuable for those who plan to work well past 73 and want to keep 401(k) funds growing tax-deferred without forced distributions.
How are RMDs aggregated across multiple IRAs?+
IRA aggregation rules: Calculate the RMD for each traditional IRA separately (each balance / distribution period). Total all the individual RMDs. Then you can take the total from ANY combination of traditional IRAs — you don’t have to take each IRA’s RMD from that specific account. Example: IRA 1: $500,000 / 26.5 = $18,868 RMD. IRA 2: $250,000 / 26.5 = $9,434 RMD. Total RMD: $28,302. Can take all $28,302 from IRA 1, all from IRA 2, or split any way between them. This allows investment optimization: take from the IRA holding your most liquid or least appreciated asset, while letting higher-growth positions in other IRAs continue compounding. 401(k) plans: CANNOT be aggregated with IRAs or with each other. Must take separate RMD from each 401(k) plan. 403(b) plans: CAN be aggregated with other 403(b) plans (but NOT with IRAs). 457(b) plans: separate from all other account types. Converting multiple old 401(k) accounts to a single rollover IRA simplifies this enormously.
What happens to my IRA when I die — how do my heirs handle RMDs?+
For accounts inherited after December 31, 2019 (SECURE Act 2019 rules): Surviving spouse: most flexible options. Can roll to own IRA (treats as their own; uses their own RMD schedule starting at their own RMD age). Or elect to be treated as the deceased spouse and use the deceased’s schedule. SECURE 2.0 enhanced: surviving spouse can delay RMDs until the year the deceased would have turned 73/75. Eligible Designated Beneficiaries (EDBs) who may “stretch” over their own life expectancy: minor child of decedent (until age of majority), disabled beneficiary, chronically ill beneficiary, or beneficiary within 10 years of decedent’s age. All other non-spouse beneficiaries (most adult children): 10-year rule. Must empty the inherited IRA within 10 years. Annual distributions may be required if the decedent had already started RMDs (IRS guidance on this point has evolved). Inherited Roth IRA: same 10-year rule for non-spouse EDB beneficiaries, but distributions are generally tax-free. Tax-free inherited Roth distributions make the 10-year depletion less onerous than inherited traditional IRA distributions.
Key Takeaways
Required Minimum Distributions are calculated by dividing the December 31 prior-year account balance by the IRS Uniform Lifetime Table distribution period for your age: at 73 with $750,000, the 2025 RMD is $28,302 ($750,000 / 26.5). The SECURE 2.0 Act raised the starting age to 73 for those born 1951-1959 and to 75 for those born 1960 or later, reduced the missed-RMD penalty from 50% to 25% (10% with prompt self-correction), and eliminated Roth 401(k) RMDs starting in 2024. Traditional IRA RMDs can be aggregated across multiple IRAs and taken from any combination; 401(k) plan RMDs must be taken separately from each plan.
Three essential RMD planning strategies: use Qualified Charitable Distributions (QCDs at $105,000/year per person, age 70.5+) to satisfy the RMD with zero AGI impact — saving $6,226 in income tax at 22% on a $28,302 RMD while also avoiding Social Security taxation increases and IRMAA surcharges, begin Roth conversions during income gap years before RMD age to reduce the traditional IRA balance that will generate future mandatory distributions, and take the first RMD in the turning-73 (or 75) year rather than delaying to April 1 of the following year to avoid double-RMD income compression in a single calendar year.
Calculate Your RMD, Tax Impact, QCD Savings, and Multi-Year RMD Projections
Our RMD Calculator determines your annual required minimum distribution using the IRS Uniform Lifetime Table, shows the income tax cost at your marginal rate, calculates the QCD strategy savings, projects RMD amounts through age 90 assuming account growth, and compares the RMD against your total retirement income to identify IRMAA and bracket exposure.
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